pow is usually evaluated by this formula:
x^y = exp2(y*log2(x))
Functions exp2(x),log2(x)
are directly implemented in FPU. If you want to implement bignums then they can also be evaluated by basic operators with use of precomputed table of sqrt-powers like:
2^1/2, 2^1/4, 2^1/8, 2^1/16, 2^1/32 ...
to speed up the process
In case you need to handle also rooting for negative bases see this: