How to add transparent watermark in center of a video with ffmpeg?

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Examples to add a watermark / logo image on video using the overlay filter.

Centered

enter image description here

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i logo.png -filter_complex "overlay=(main_w-overlay_w)/2:(main_h-overlay_h)/2" -codec:a copy output.mp4

or with the shortened overlay options:

overlay=(W-w)/2:(H-h)/2

Top left

This is the easy one because the default, if you provide no options to overlay, is to place the image in the top left.

This example adds 5 pixels of padding so the image is not touching the edges:

overlay=5:5

Top right

With 5 pixels of padding:

overlay=main_w-overlay_w-5:5

or with the shortened options:

overlay=W-w-5:5

Bottom right

With 5 pixels of padding:

overlay=main_w-overlay_w-5:main_h-overlay_h-5

or with the shortened options:

overlay=W-w-5:H-h-5

Bottom left

With 5 pixels of padding:

overlay=5:main_h-overlay_h

or with the shortened options:

overlay=5:H-h-5

Transparency / opacity / alpha

Example to make watermark 50% transparent using the format and colorchannelmixer filters:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i watermark.jpg -filter_complex "[1]format=rgba,colorchannelmixer=aa=0.5[logo];[0][logo]overlay=(W-w)/2:(H-h)/2:format=auto,format=yuv420p" -c:a copy output.mp4

Improved quality

Using the format=auto option in the overlay filter can make PNG watermarks look better:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "overlay=5:H-h-5:format=auto,format=yuv420p" -c:a copy output.mp4

Note the addition of the format filter (yes, same name as the option, but a standalone filter) to reset it to YUV 4:2:0 which is needed for MP4 output. Remove ,format=yuv420p if you are not outputting MP4.

Scale watermark in relation to main video

Use the scale2ref filter:

Example to make logo 10% (1/10) the size of the main video:

ffmpeg -i input.mp4 -i watermark.png -filter_complex "[1][0]scale2ref=w=oh*mdar:h=ih*0.1[logo];[logo]overlay=5:H-h-5" -c:a copy output.mp4

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