I had the same problem: since Android 8.0+ some parts of my app did’t change their language anymore. Updating of both application and activity context helps me. Here is an example of MainActivity function:
private void setApplicationLanguage(String newLanguage) {
Resources activityRes = getResources();
Configuration activityConf = activityRes.getConfiguration();
Locale newLocale = new Locale(newLanguage);
activityConf.setLocale(newLocale);
activityRes.updateConfiguration(activityConf, activityRes.getDisplayMetrics());
Resources applicationRes = getApplicationContext().getResources();
Configuration applicationConf = applicationRes.getConfiguration();
applicationConf.setLocale(newLocale);
applicationRes.updateConfiguration(applicationConf,
applicationRes.getDisplayMetrics());
}