How to create a slowing scroll effect on a scrollbox?

by

The idea:

As per your comment, it should feel like Google Maps and thus while dragging the image, the image should stick to the mouse pointer; no special effects required so far. But at releasing the mouse button, the image needs to move (the scroll box needs to pan) further in the same direction and with a gradually easing speed, starting with the dragging velocity at the moment the mouse button was released.

So we need:

  • a drag handler for when the mouse is pressed: OnMouseMove will work,
  • the panning speed at the moment the mouse is released: during the drag operation, we will track the latest speed with a timer,
  • something that still moves the image after the mouse release: we use the same timer,
  • a way to update the GUI: updating the image position, scrolling the scroll box and updating the scroll bar positions. Luckily, setting the position of the scroll bars of the scroll box will do all that,
  • a function to gradually decrease the speed after mouse release. I chose for a simple linear factor, but you can experiment with that.

Setup:

  • Drop a TScrollBox on your form, create event handlers for OnMouseDown, OnMouseMove and OnMouseUp and set the DoubleBuffered property to True (this needs to be done runtime),
  • Drop a TTimer on your form, set its interval to 15 milliseconds (~ 67 Hz refresh rate) and create an event handler for OnTimer,
  • Drop a TImage on the scroll box, load a picture, set the size to something big (e.g. 3200 x 3200), set Stretch to True and set Enabled to False to let the mouse events through to the scroll box.

Code (for scroll box):

unit Unit1;

interface

uses
  Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Controls, Forms, JPEG, ExtCtrls, StdCtrls;

type
  TForm1 = class(TForm)
    ScrollBox: TScrollBox;
    Image: TImage;
    TrackingTimer: TTimer;
    procedure ScrollBoxMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure ScrollBoxMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
      Y: Integer);
    procedure ScrollBoxMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure TrackingTimerTimer(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    FDragging: Boolean;
    FPrevScrollPos: TPoint;
    FPrevTick: Cardinal;
    FSpeedX: Single;
    FSpeedY: Single;
    FStartPos: TPoint;
    function GetScrollPos: TPoint;
    procedure SetScrollPos(const Value: TPoint);
  public
    property ScrollPos: TPoint read GetScrollPos write SetScrollPos;
  end;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm1.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  ScrollBox.DoubleBuffered := True;
end;

function TForm1.GetScrollPos: TPoint;
begin
  with ScrollBox do
    Result := Point(HorzScrollBar.Position, VertScrollBar.Position);
end;

procedure TForm1.ScrollBoxMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := True;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
  FPrevScrollPos := ScrollPos;
  TrackingTimer.Enabled := True;
  FStartPos := Point(ScrollPos.X + X, ScrollPos.Y + Y);
  Screen.Cursor := crHandPoint;
end;

procedure TForm1.ScrollBoxMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState;
  X, Y: Integer);
begin
  if FDragging then
    ScrollPos := Point(FStartPos.X - X, FStartPos.Y - Y);
end;

procedure TForm1.ScrollBoxMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := False;
  Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;

procedure TForm1.SetScrollPos(const Value: TPoint);
begin
  ScrollBox.HorzScrollBar.Position := Value.X;
  ScrollBox.VertScrollBar.Position := Value.Y;
end;

procedure TForm1.TrackingTimerTimer(Sender: TObject);
var
  Delay: Cardinal;
begin
  Delay := GetTickCount - FPrevTick;
  if FDragging then
  begin
    if Delay = 0 then
      Delay := 1;
    FSpeedX := (ScrollPos.X - FPrevScrollPos.X) / Delay;
    FSpeedY := (ScrollPos.Y - FPrevScrollPos.Y) / Delay;
  end
  else
  begin
    if (Abs(FSpeedX) < 0.005) and (Abs(FSpeedY) < 0.005) then
      TrackingTimer.Enabled := False
    else
    begin
      ScrollPos := Point(FPrevScrollPos.X + Round(Delay * FSpeedX),
        FPrevScrollPos.Y + Round(Delay * FSpeedY));
      FSpeedX := 0.83 * FSpeedX;
      FSpeedY := 0.83 * FSpeedY;
    end;
  end;
  FPrevScrollPos := ScrollPos;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
end;

end.

Code (for panel):

And in case you do not want the scroll bars then use the following code. The example uses a panel as container, but that could be any windowed control or the form itself.

unit Unit2;

interface

uses
  Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Controls, Forms, JPEG, ExtCtrls, Math;

type
  TForm2 = class(TForm)
    Panel: TPanel;
    Image: TImage;
    TrackingTimer: TTimer;
    procedure PanelMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure PanelMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
      Y: Integer);
    procedure PanelMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure TrackingTimerTimer(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
  private
    FDragging: Boolean;
    FPrevImagePos: TPoint;
    FPrevTick: Cardinal;
    FSpeedX: Single;
    FSpeedY: Single;
    FStartPos: TPoint;
    function GetImagePos: TPoint;
    procedure SetImagePos(Value: TPoint);
  public
    property ImagePos: TPoint read GetImagePos write SetImagePos;
  end;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm2.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Panel.DoubleBuffered := True;
end;

function TForm2.GetImagePos: TPoint;
begin
  Result.X := Image.Left;
  Result.Y := Image.Top;
end;

procedure TForm2.PanelMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := True;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
  FPrevImagePos := ImagePos;
  TrackingTimer.Enabled := True;
  FStartPos := Point(X - Image.Left, Y - Image.Top);
  Screen.Cursor := crHandPoint;
end;

procedure TForm2.PanelMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
  Y: Integer);
begin
  if FDragging then
    ImagePos := Point(X - FStartPos.X, Y - FStartPos.Y);
end;

procedure TForm2.PanelMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := False;
  Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;

procedure TForm2.SetImagePos(Value: TPoint);
begin
  Value.X := Max(Panel.ClientWidth - Image.Width, Min(0, Value.X));
  Value.Y := Max(Panel.ClientHeight - Image.Height, Min(0, Value.Y));
  Image.SetBounds(Value.X, Value.Y, Image.Width, Image.Height);
end;

procedure TForm2.TrackingTimerTimer(Sender: TObject);
var
  Delay: Cardinal;
begin
  Delay := GetTickCount - FPrevTick;
  if FDragging then
  begin
    if Delay = 0 then
      Delay := 1;
    FSpeedX := (ImagePos.X - FPrevImagePos.X) / Delay;
    FSpeedY := (ImagePos.Y - FPrevImagePos.Y) / Delay;
  end
  else
  begin
    if (Abs(FSpeedX) < 0.005) and (Abs(FSpeedY) < 0.005) then
      TrackingTimer.Enabled := False
    else
    begin
      ImagePos := Point(FPrevImagePos.X + Round(Delay * FSpeedX),
        FPrevImagePos.Y + Round(Delay * FSpeedY));
      FSpeedX := 0.83 * FSpeedX;
      FSpeedY := 0.83 * FSpeedY;
    end;
  end;
  FPrevImagePos := ImagePos;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
end;

end.

Code (for paint box):

And when the image’s dimensions are limitless (e.g. a globe), you can use a paint box to glue the image’s ends together.

unit Unit3;

interface

uses
  Windows, SysUtils, Classes, Graphics, Controls, Forms, ExtCtrls, JPEG;

type
  TForm3 = class(TForm)
    Painter: TPaintBox;
    Tracker: TTimer;
    procedure FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
    procedure FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
    procedure PainterMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure PainterMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
      Y: Integer);
    procedure PainterMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
      Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
    procedure PainterPaint(Sender: TObject);
    procedure TrackerTimer(Sender: TObject);
  private
    FDragging: Boolean;
    FGraphic: TGraphic;
    FOffset: Integer;
    FPrevOffset: Integer;
    FPrevTick: Cardinal;
    FSpeed: Single;
    FStart: Integer;
    procedure SetOffset(Value: Integer);
  public
    property Offset: Integer read FOffset write SetOffset;
  end;

implementation

{$R *.dfm}

procedure TForm3.FormCreate(Sender: TObject);
begin
  DoubleBuffered := True;
  FGraphic := TJPEGImage.Create;
  FGraphic.LoadFromFile('gda_world_map_small.jpg');
  Constraints.MaxWidth := FGraphic.Width + 30;
end;

procedure TForm3.FormDestroy(Sender: TObject);
begin
  FGraphic.Free;
end;

procedure TForm3.PainterMouseDown(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := True;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
  FPrevOffset := Offset;
  Tracker.Enabled := True;
  FStart := X - FOffset;
  Screen.Cursor := crHandPoint;
end;

procedure TForm3.PainterMouseMove(Sender: TObject; Shift: TShiftState; X,
  Y: Integer);
begin
  if FDragging then
    Offset := X - FStart;
end;

procedure TForm3.PainterMouseUp(Sender: TObject; Button: TMouseButton;
  Shift: TShiftState; X, Y: Integer);
begin
  FDragging := False;
  Screen.Cursor := crDefault;
end;

procedure TForm3.PainterPaint(Sender: TObject);
begin
  Painter.Canvas.Draw(FOffset, 0, FGraphic);
  Painter.Canvas.Draw(FOffset + FGraphic.Width, 0, FGraphic);
end;

procedure TForm3.SetOffset(Value: Integer);
begin
  FOffset := Value;
  if FOffset < -FGraphic.Width then
  begin
    Inc(FOffset, FGraphic.Width);
    Dec(FStart, FGraphic.Width);
  end
  else if FOffset > 0 then
  begin
    Dec(FOffset, FGraphic.Width);
    Inc(FStart, FGraphic.Width);
  end;
  Painter.Invalidate;
end;

procedure TForm3.TrackerTimer(Sender: TObject);
var
  Delay: Cardinal;
begin
  Delay := GetTickCount - FPrevTick;
  if FDragging then
  begin
    if Delay = 0 then
      Delay := 1;
    FSpeed := (Offset - FPrevOffset) / Delay;
  end
  else
  begin
    if Abs(FSpeed) < 0.005 then
      Tracker.Enabled := False
    else
    begin
      Offset := FPrevOffset + Round(Delay * FSpeed);
      FSpeed := 0.83 * FSpeed;
    end;
  end;
  FPrevOffset := Offset;
  FPrevTick := GetTickCount;
end;

end.

More Related Contents:

  1. Looking for a custom image grid
  2. How to determine if a photo is corrupted?
  3. Formula to determine perceived brightness of RGB color
  4. How to generate a Dockerfile from an image?
  5. How do you stretch an image to fill a while keeping the image’s aspect-ratio?
  6. Detection of coins (and fit ellipses) on an image
  7. CV – Extract differences between two images
  8. How to upload, display and save images using node.js and express [closed]
  9. Gmail’s new image caching is breaking image links in newsletter
  10. How to set size for local image using knitr for markdown?
  11. Swift2 retrieving images from Firebase
  12. SVG. Reverse image using css. Keep image at the same place
  13. Algorithm to detect presence of text on image
  14. Can I set a users profile image using the Facebook API?
  15. html5: copy a canvas to image and back
  16. How can I add an image to all pages of my PDF?
  17. Multiple images display (slideshow) on wpInstalling Page under ProgressGauge bar in Inno Setup
  18. How can I insert an image with iTextSharp in an existing PDF?
  19. BASE64 to image angular 2
  20. responsive images srcset not working
  21. LSB-DCT based Image steganography
  22. How can I read in a RAW image in MATLAB?
  23. How do I display local image in markdown?
  24. How to use Image component in Next.js with unknown width and height
  25. Image Warping – Bulge Effect Algorithm
  26. What is the difference between “JPG” / “JPEG” / “PNG” / “BMP” / “GIF” / “TIFF” Image?
  27. How lazy loading images using JavaScript works?
  28. R: add alpha-value to png-image
  29. Store images/videos into Hadoop HDFS
  30. “Standard” RGB to Grayscale Conversion

Leave a Comment