How to create unique constraint in Elasticsearch database?

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You’d need to use the field that is supposed to be unique as id for your documents. By default a new document with existing id would override the existing document with same id, but you can switch to op_type=create in order to get back an error if a document with same id already exists.

There’s no way to have the same behaviour with arbitrary fields though, only the _id field works that way. I would probably consider handling this logic in the application layer instead of within elasticsearch.

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