How to determine encoding table of a text file

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If you’re on Linux, try file -i filename.txt.

$ file -i vol34.tex 
vol34.tex: text/x-tex; charset=us-ascii

For reference, here is my environment:

$ which file
/usr/bin/file
$ file --version
file-5.09
magic file from /etc/magic:/usr/share/misc/magic

Some file versions (e.g. file-5.04 on OS X/macOS) have slightly different command-line switches:

$ file -I vol34.tex 
vol34.tex: text/x-tex; charset=us-ascii
$ file --mime vol34.tex
vol34.tex: text/x-tex; charset=us-ascii

Also, have a look here.

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