How to do an atomic increment and fetch in C?

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GCC __atomic_* built-ins

As of GCC 4.8, __sync built-ins have been deprecated in favor of the __atomic built-ins: https://gcc.gnu.org/onlinedocs/gcc-4.8.2/gcc/_005f_005fatomic-Builtins.html

They implement the C++ memory model, and std::atomic uses them internally.

The following POSIX threads example fails consistently with ++ on x86-64, and always works with _atomic_fetch_add.

main.c

#include <assert.h>
#include <pthread.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

enum CONSTANTS {
    NUM_THREADS = 1000,
    NUM_ITERS = 1000
};

int global = 0;

void* main_thread(void *arg) {
    int i;
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_ITERS; ++i) {
        __atomic_fetch_add(&global, 1, __ATOMIC_SEQ_CST);
        /* This fails consistently. */
        /*global++*/;
    }
    return NULL;
}

int main(void) {
    int i;
    pthread_t threads[NUM_THREADS];
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
        pthread_create(&threads[i], NULL, main_thread, NULL);
    for (i = 0; i < NUM_THREADS; ++i)
        pthread_join(threads[i], NULL); 
    assert(global == NUM_THREADS * NUM_ITERS);
    return EXIT_SUCCESS;
}

Compile and run:

gcc -std=c99 -Wall -Wextra -pedantic -o main.out ./main.c -pthread
./main.out

Disassembly analysis at: How do I start threads in plain C?

Tested in Ubuntu 18.10, GCC 8.2.0, glibc 2.28.

C11 _Atomic

In 5.1, the above code works with:

_Atomic int global = 0;
global++;

And C11 threads.h was added in glibc 2.28, which allows you to create threads in pure ANSI C without POSIX, minimal runnable example: How do I start threads in plain C?

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