how to get yesterday’s date in a batch file

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If you’re limited to just cmd.exe, then the other solutions, despite their size, are probably as good as you’ll get. However, modern Windows (such as your Win7) ships with quite a few other tools which can do the job far easier.

Just create a VBScript yester.vbs script as follows:

d = date() - 1
wscript.echo year(d) * 10000 + month(d) * 100 + day(d)

Then you can call it from your cmd script with:

for /f %%a in ('cscript //nologo yester.vbs') do set yesterday=%%a

and the yesterday variable will be created in the form yyyymmdd for you to manipulate however you desire.

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