How to make ui responsive all the time and do background updating?

Grand Central Dispatch is easy to use for background loading. But GCD is only for after iOS4. If you have to support iOS3, performSelectorInBackground/performSelectorOnMainThread or NSOperationQueue are helpful.

And, be careful almost UIKit classes are not thread-safe except drawing to a graphics context. For example, UIScrollView is not thread-safe, UIImage imageNamed: is not thread-safe, but UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile: is thread-safe.

dispatch_queue_t mainQueue = dispatch_get_main_queue();
dispatch_queue_t concurrentQueue =
    dispatch_get_global_queue(DISPATCH_QUEUE_PRIORITY_DEFAULT, 0);

dispatch_async(concurrentQueue, ^{

    dispatch_apply([thumbnails count], concurrentQueue, ^(size_t index) {

        Thumbnail *thumbnail = [thumbnails objectAtIndex:index];
        thumbnail.image = [UIImage imageWithContentsOfFile:thumbnail.url];

        dispatch_sync(mainQueue, ^{

            /* update UIScrollView using thumbnail. It is safe because this block is on main thread. */

        });
    }

    /* dispatch_apply waits until all blocks are done */

    dispatch_async(mainQueue, ^{
        /* do for all done. */
    });
}

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