It is not possible to use the VOLUME
instruction to tell docker what to mount. That would seriously break portability. This instruction tells docker that content in those directories does not go in images and can be accessed from other containers using the --volumes-from
command line parameter. You have to run the container using -v /path/on/host:/path/in/container
to access directories from the host.
Mounting host volumes during build is not possible. There is no privileged build and mounting the host would also seriously degrade portability. You might want to try using wget or curl to download whatever you need for the build and put it in place.