execv()
accepts only an array of string pointers. There is no way to get it to accept anything else. It is a standard interface, callable from every hosted language, not just C++.
I have tested compiling this:
std::vector<string> vector;
const char *programname = "abc";
const char **argv = new const char* [vector.size()+2]; // extra room for program name and sentinel
argv [0] = programname; // by convention, argv[0] is program name
for (int j = 0; j < vector.size()+1; ++j) // copy args
argv [j+1] = vector[j] .c_str();
argv [vector.size()+1] = NULL; // end of arguments sentinel is NULL
execv (programname, (char **)argv);