How to prevent PDO from interpreting a question mark as a placeholder?

by

Use the function call form. According to the system catalogs, the hstore ? operator uses the exist function:

regress=# select oprname, oprcode from pg_operator where oprname="?";
 oprname | oprcode 
---------+---------
 ?       | exist
(1 row)

so you can write:

SELECT * FROM tbl WHERE exist(hst,'foo');

(Personally I’m not a big fan of hstore’s operator-centric design and documentation, I think it discards the useful self-documenting properties of a function based interface without any real benefit and I usually use its function calls rather than its operators. Just because you can define operators doesn’t mean you should.)

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