PHP PDOException: “SQLSTATE[HY093]: Invalid parameter number”

by

Try:

$sql = "INSERT INTO persist (user_id, hash, expire)
        VALUES (:user_id, :hash, :expire)
        ON DUPLICATE KEY UPDATE hash=:hash2";

and

$stm->execute(
    array(":user_id" => $user_id, 
          ":hash" => $hash, 
          ":expire" => $future,
          ":hash2" => $hash)
);

Excerpt from the documentation (http://php.net/manual/en/pdo.prepare.php):

You must include a unique parameter marker for each value you wish to pass in to the statement when you call PDOStatement::execute(). You cannot use a named parameter marker of the same name twice in a prepared statement. You cannot bind multiple values to a single named parameter in, for example, the IN() clause of an SQL statement.

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