How to print the name of the symbols of ELF files like the nm?

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Should I cast my shstrab into a Elf64_Sym so that I can use the st_name?

No.

Here is the loop you want:

Elf64_Sym *sym = (Elf64_Sym*) (data + symtab->sh_offset);
str = (char*) (data + strtab->sh_offset);

for (size_t i = 0; i < symtab->sh_size / sizeof(Elf64_Sym); i++) {
  printf("%s\n", str + sym[i].st_name);
}

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