How to replace “single quote” to “double single quote” in XSLT

Assuming an XSLT 1.0 processor, you will need to use a recursive named template for this, e.g:

<xsl:template name="replace">
    <xsl:param name="text"/>
    <xsl:param name="searchString">'</xsl:param>
    <xsl:param name="replaceString">''</xsl:param>
    <xsl:choose>
        <xsl:when test="contains($text,$searchString)">
            <xsl:value-of select="substring-before($text,$searchString)"/>
            <xsl:value-of select="$replaceString"/>
           <!--  recursive call -->
            <xsl:call-template name="replace">
                <xsl:with-param name="text" select="substring-after($text,$searchString)"/>
                <xsl:with-param name="searchString" select="$searchString"/>
                <xsl:with-param name="replaceString" select="$replaceString"/>
            </xsl:call-template>
        </xsl:when>
        <xsl:otherwise>
            <xsl:value-of select="$text"/>
        </xsl:otherwise>
    </xsl:choose>
</xsl:template>

Example of call:

<xsl:template match="name">
    <xsl:copy>
        <xsl:call-template name="replace">
            <xsl:with-param name="text" select="."/>
        </xsl:call-template>
    </xsl:copy>
</xsl:template>

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