How to serialize byte[] as simple JSON Array and not as base64 in JSON.net?

JSON.NET is selecting the BinaryConverter to read and write an array of bytes. You can see in the source that it uses the WriteValue operation on the JsonWriter class with the array of bytes which causes them to be written to as Base-64.

To modify this, you can write your own converter which reads and writes an array in the format you expect:

public class ByteArrayConverter : JsonConverter
{
    public override void WriteJson(
        JsonWriter writer,
        object value,
        JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        if (value == null)
        {
            writer.WriteNull();
            return;
        }

        byte[] data = (byte[])value;

        // Compose an array.
        writer.WriteStartArray();

        for (var i = 0; i < data.Length; i++)
        {
            writer.WriteValue(data[i]);
        }

        writer.WriteEndArray();
    }

    public override object ReadJson(
        JsonReader reader,
        Type objectType,
        object existingValue,
        JsonSerializer serializer)
    {
        if (reader.TokenType == JsonToken.StartArray)
        {
            var byteList = new List<byte>();

            while (reader.Read())
            {
                switch (reader.TokenType)
                {
                    case JsonToken.Integer:
                        byteList.Add(Convert.ToByte(reader.Value));
                        break;
                    case JsonToken.EndArray:
                        return byteList.ToArray();
                    case JsonToken.Comment:
                        // skip
                        break;
                    default:
                        throw new Exception(
                        string.Format(
                            "Unexpected token when reading bytes: {0}",
                            reader.TokenType));
                }
            }

            throw new Exception("Unexpected end when reading bytes.");
        }
        else
        {
            throw new Exception(
                string.Format(
                    "Unexpected token parsing binary. "
                    + "Expected StartArray, got {0}.",
                    reader.TokenType));
        }
    }

    public override bool CanConvert(Type objectType)
    {
        return objectType == typeof(byte[]);
    }
}

You would use this by applying the JsonConverterAttribute to the member:

[JsonConverter(typeof(ByteArrayConverter))]
public byte[] Data { get; set; }