How to set folder permissions in Windows?

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You want the win32security module, which is a part of pywin32. Here’s an example of doing the sort of thing you want to do.

That example creates a new DACL for the file and replaces the old one, but it’s easy to modify the existing one; all you need to do is get the existing DACL from the security descriptor instead of creating an empty one, like so:

import win32security
import ntsecuritycon as con

FILENAME = "whatever"

userx, domain, type = win32security.LookupAccountName ("", "User X")
usery, domain, type = win32security.LookupAccountName ("", "User Y")

sd = win32security.GetFileSecurity(FILENAME, win32security.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION)
dacl = sd.GetSecurityDescriptorDacl()   # instead of dacl = win32security.ACL()

dacl.AddAccessAllowedAce(win32security.ACL_REVISION, con.FILE_GENERIC_READ | con.FILE_GENERIC_WRITE, userx)
dacl.AddAccessAllowedAce(win32security.ACL_REVISION, con.FILE_ALL_ACCESS, usery)

sd.SetSecurityDescriptorDacl(1, dacl, 0)   # may not be necessary
win32security.SetFileSecurity(FILENAME, win32security.DACL_SECURITY_INFORMATION, sd)

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