This query …
SELECT ID, A, B, C, [Key 1] AS key_field
FROM tblUnpivotSource
UNION ALL
SELECT ID, A, B, C, [Key 2] AS key_field
FROM tblUnpivotSource
UNION ALL
SELECT ID, A, B, C, [Key 3] AS key_field
FROM tblUnpivotSource;
… returns this recordset (using your sample table values as tblUnpivotSource) …
ID A B C key_field
-- - - - ---------
1 x y z 3
2 x y z 57
1 x y z 199
2 x y z 234
1 x y z 452
2 x y z 452