I’m trying to understand getchar() != EOF

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This code can be written more clearly as:

main()
{
    int c;
    while (1) {
        c = getchar();            // Get one character from the input
        if (c == EOF) { break; }  // Exit the loop if we receive EOF ("end of file")
        putchar(c);               // Put the character to the output
    }
}

The EOF character is received when there is no more input. The name makes more sense in the case where the input is being read from a real file, rather than user input (which is a special case of a file).

[As an aside, generally the main function should be written as int main(void).]

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