You have to specify a UserTokenProvider
to generate a token.
using Microsoft.Owin.Security.DataProtection;
using Microsoft.AspNet.Identity.Owin;
// ...
var provider = new DpapiDataProtectionProvider("SampleAppName");
var userManager = new UserManager<ApplicationUser>(new UserStore<ApplicationUser>());
userManager.UserTokenProvider = new DataProtectorTokenProvider<ApplicationUser>(
provider.Create("SampleTokenName"));
You should also read this article: Adding Two Factor Authentication to an Application Using ASP.NET Identity.