For [1], you can’t: these operators are made to return a value, not perform operations.
The expression
a ? b : c
evaluates to b
if a
is true and evaluates to c
if a
is false.
The expression
b ?? c
evaluates to b
if b
is not null and evaluates to c
if b
is null.
If you write
return a ? b : c;
or
return b ?? c;
they will always return something.
For [2], you can write a function that returns the right value that performs your “multiple operations”, but that’s probably worse than just using if/else
.