The second argument to ltrim is a list of characters to remove from the left side of the string.
If you did
<?php
ltrim('lllliiiiaaaaaatttttt', 'mailto:');
?>
You would get an empty string as the return value.
Try this instead:
<?php
$email="mailto:[email protected]";
$fixedEmail = substr($email, 0, 7) == 'mailto:' ? substr($email, 7) : $email;
?>