$values = array_count_values($array);
arsort($values);
$popular = array_slice(array_keys($values), 0, 5, true);
array_count_values()
gets the count of the number of times each item appears in an array
arsort()
sorts the array by number of occurrences in reverse order
array_keys()
gets the actual value which is the array key in the results from array_count_values()
array_slice()
gives us the first five elements of the results
Demo
$array = [1,2,3,4,238, 7, 86, 79, 55, 92, 55, 7, 254, 9, 75, 238, 89, 238];
$values = array_count_values($array);
arsort($values);
$popular = array_slice(array_keys($values), 0, 5, true);
array (
0 => 238,
1 => 55,
2 => 7,
3 => 4,
4 => 3,
)