Reading audio samples via AVAssetReader

To expand on @amrox’s answer, you can get an AudioBufferList from the CMBlockBufferRef, e.g.

CMItemCount numSamplesInBuffer = CMSampleBufferGetNumSamples(buffer);

AudioBufferList audioBufferList;

CMSampleBufferGetAudioBufferListWithRetainedBlockBuffer(
      buffer,
      NULL,
      &audioBufferList,
      sizeof(audioBufferList),
      NULL,
      NULL,
      kCMSampleBufferFlag_AudioBufferList_Assure16ByteAlignment,
      &buffer
    );

for (int bufferCount=0; bufferCount < audioBufferList.mNumberBuffers; bufferCount++) {
  SInt16* samples = (SInt16 *)audioBufferList.mBuffers[bufferCount].mData;
  for (int i=0; i < numSamplesInBuffer; i++) {
    // amplitude for the sample is samples[i], assuming you have linear pcm to start with
  }
}

//Release the buffer when done with the samples 
//(retained by CMSampleBufferGetAudioBufferListWithRetainedblockBuffer)
CFRelease(buffer);