Real life example, when to use OUTER / CROSS APPLY in SQL

Some uses for APPLY are…

1) Top N per group queries (can be more efficient for some cardinalities)

SELECT pr.name,
       pa.name
FROM   sys.procedures pr
       OUTER APPLY (SELECT TOP 2 *
                    FROM   sys.parameters pa
                    WHERE  pa.object_id = pr.object_id
                    ORDER  BY pr.name) pa
ORDER  BY pr.name,
          pa.name 

2) Calling a Table Valued Function for each row in the outer query

SELECT *
FROM sys.dm_exec_query_stats AS qs
CROSS APPLY sys.dm_exec_query_plan(qs.plan_handle)

3) Reusing a column alias

SELECT number,
       doubled_number,
       doubled_number_plus_one
FROM master..spt_values
CROSS APPLY (SELECT 2 * CAST(number AS BIGINT)) CA1(doubled_number)  
CROSS APPLY (SELECT doubled_number + 1) CA2(doubled_number_plus_one)  

4) Unpivoting more than one group of columns

Assumes 1NF violating table structure….

CREATE TABLE T
  (
     Id   INT PRIMARY KEY,

     Foo1 INT, Foo2 INT, Foo3 INT,
     Bar1 INT, Bar2 INT, Bar3 INT
  ); 

Example using 2008+ VALUES syntax.

SELECT Id,
       Foo,
       Bar
FROM   T
       CROSS APPLY (VALUES(Foo1, Bar1),
                          (Foo2, Bar2),
                          (Foo3, Bar3)) V(Foo, Bar); 

In 2005 UNION ALL can be used instead.

SELECT Id,
       Foo,
       Bar
FROM   T
       CROSS APPLY (SELECT Foo1, Bar1 
                    UNION ALL
                    SELECT Foo2, Bar2 
                    UNION ALL
                    SELECT Foo3, Bar3) V(Foo, Bar);