RewriteCond to match query string parameters in any order

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You can achieve this with multiple steps, by detecting one parameter and then forwarding to the next step and then redirecting to the final destination

RewriteEngine On

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^category=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ $0/%1

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^subcategory=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &subcategory=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index\.php/[^/]+$ $0/%1

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} ^product=([^&]+) [NC,OR]
RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} &product=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index\.php/([^/]+/[^/]+)$ http://store.example.com/$1/%1/? [R,L]

To avoid the OR and double condition, you can use 

RewriteCond %{QUERY_STRING} (?:^|&)category=([^&]+) [NC]

as @TrueBlue suggested.

Another approach is to prefix the TestString QUERY_STRING with an ampersand &, and check always 

RewriteCond &%{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]

This technique (prefixing the TestString) can also be used to carry forward already found parameters to the next RewriteCond. This lets us simplify the three rules to just one 

RewriteCond &%{QUERY_STRING} &category=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteCond %1!&%{QUERY_STRING} (.+)!.*&subcategory=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteCond %1/%2!&%{QUERY_STRING} (.+)!.*&product=([^&]+) [NC]
RewriteRule ^index\.php$ http://store.example.com/%1/%2/? [R,L]

The ! is only used to separate the already found and reordered parameters from the QUERY_STRING.

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