Apart from the two options mentioned by EboMike: You can always send the BOOT_COMPLETED
broadcast via the command line instead of rebooting your phone.
Use
adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED
This will result in a situation like after an actual reboot, and will also trigger any 3rd party apps boot receivers. After typing it once in a terminal you can usually repeat it simply by pressing the up-arrow key followed by return on most operating systems. Or you can include it in a script thats triggered after reinstalling your app.
If you want to limit the broadcast to your app only, you can also specify a component:
adb shell am broadcast -a android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED -n your.app.packagename/.YourReceiverClassName
This sends the reboot broadcast only to your receiver. All other apps are not called.