You can just do (a,). No need to use a function. (Note that the comma is necessary.) Essentially, tuple(a) means to make a tuple of the contents of a, not a tuple consisting of just a itself. The “contents” of a string (what you get when you iterate over it) are its characters, which is … Read more
There are three options: >>> 4 / float(100) 0.04 >>> 4 / 100.0 0.04 which is the same behavior as the C, C++, Java etc, or >>> from __future__ import division >>> 4 / 100 0.04 You can also activate this behavior by passing the argument -Qnew to the Python interpreter: $ python -Qnew >>> … Read more
Use width=1 or width=-1: In [33]: pprint.pprint(a, width=1) {‘first’: 123, ‘second’: 456, ‘third’: {1: 1, 2: 2}}
UPDATE: 2018-07-06 This post is now nearly 5 years old! Python-2.7 will stop receiving official updates from python.org in 2020. Also, Python-3.7 has been released. Check out Python-Future on how to make your Python-2 code compatible with Python-3. For updating conda, the documentation now recommends using conda update –all in each of your conda environments … Read more
When a numpy array is no longer referenced, it will be automatically freed by the GC. The C objects are wrapped in Python objects, so for you it should not matter how it’s implemented. Make sure that arrays are not referenced in global variables, since those stick around until overwritten or the program exits. If … Read more
The solution here is to write a wrapper function that takes your argument list and translates it to variables that the fit function understands. This is really only necessary since I am working qwith someone else’s code, in a more direct application this would work without the wrapper layer. Basically def wrapper_fit_func(x, N, *args): a, … Read more
The error that you are getting is because you have installed the wrong component of matplotlib (there are the 32 bit and 64 bit components). This page provides you all binaries (32bit,64bit) for Windows. It also includes other packages apart from matplotlib if you may be needing them in the future. Try installing the proper … Read more
This has to do with how is works. It checks for references instead of value. It returns True if either argument is assigned to the same object. In this case, they are different instances; float(0) and float(0) have the same value ==, but are distinct entities as far as Python is concerned. CPython implementation also … Read more
see here: Python progress bar and downloads i think the code would be something like this, it should show the average speed since start as bytes per second: import requests import sys import time def downloadFile(url, directory) : localFilename = url.split(“https://stackoverflow.com/”)[-1] with open(directory + “https://stackoverflow.com/” + localFilename, ‘wb’) as f: start = time.clock() r = … Read more
To generate bigrams: In [8]: b=’student’ In [9]: [b[i:i+2] for i in range(len(b)-1)] Out[9]: [‘st’, ‘tu’, ‘ud’, ‘de’, ‘en’, ‘nt’] To generalize to a different n: In [10]: n=4 In [11]: [b[i:i+n] for i in range(len(b)-n+1)] Out[11]: [‘stud’, ‘tude’, ‘uden’, ‘dent’]