How do I set up custom styles for reStructuredText, Sphinx, ReadTheDocs, etc.?

Edit: as of 2021 the following answer is outdated, please use html_css_files = [] in your conf.py instead of using the application API after version 1.8 (current Sphinx version at time of writing is 4.1.1). The add_stylesheet option below has been renamed add_css_file in version 1.8, and seems more intended for Sphinx extension developers. Assumptions … Read more