Each character is used to represent 6 bits (log2(64) = 6). Therefore 4 chars are used to represent 4 * 6 = 24 bits = 3 bytes. So you need 4*(n/3) chars to represent n bytes, and this needs to be rounded up to a multiple of 4. The number of unused padding chars resulting … Read more
When you concatenate strings, you need to allocate memory to store the result. The easiest to start with is String and &str: fn main() { let mut owned_string: String = “hello “.to_owned(); let borrowed_string: &str = “world”; owned_string.push_str(borrowed_string); println!(“{}”, owned_string); } Here, we have an owned string that we can mutate. This is efficient as … Read more
grep -Fxq “$FILENAME” my_list.txt The exit status is 0 (true) if the name was found, 1 (false) if not, so: if grep -Fxq “$FILENAME” my_list.txt then # code if found else # code if not found fi Explanation Here are the relevant sections of the man page for grep: grep [options] PATTERN [FILE…] -F, –fixed-strings … Read more
lexicographical order is alphabetical order. The other type is numerical ordering. Consider the following values, 1, 10, 2 Those values are in lexicographical order. 10 comes after 2 in numerical order, but 10 comes before 2 in “alphabetical” order.
Use the Instr function (old version of MSDN doc found here) Dim pos As Integer pos = InStr(“find the comma, in the string”, “,”) will return 15 in pos If not found it will return 0 If you need to find the comma with an excel formula you can use the =FIND(“,”;A1) function. Notice that … Read more
[[ $var =~ ^-?[0-9]+$ ]] The ^ indicates the beginning of the input pattern The – is a literal “-“ The ? means “0 or 1 of the preceding (-)” The + means “1 or more of the preceding ([0-9])” The $ indicates the end of the input pattern So the regex matches an optional … Read more
UPDATE: Use .as_str() like this to convert the String to an &str: match stringthing.as_str() { “a” => println!(“0”), “b” => println!(“1”), “c” => println!(“2”), _ => println!(“something else!”), } Reason .as_str() is more concise and enforces stricter type checking. The trait as_ref is implemented for multiple types and its behaviour could be changed for type … Read more
This can be achieved simply through regular expressions and the grep family: cleanFun <- function(htmlString) { return(gsub(“<.*?>”, “”, htmlString)) } This will also work with multiple html tags in the same string! This finds any instances of the pattern <.*?> in the htmlString and replaces it with the empty string “”. The ? in .*? … Read more
Use parameter expansion, if the value is already stored in a variable. $ str=”GenFiltEff=7.092200e-01″ $ value=${str#*=} Or use read $ IFS=”=” read name value <<< “GenFiltEff=7.092200e-01” Either way, $ echo $value 7.092200e-01