Understanding return value optimization and returning temporaries – C++

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In two first cases RVO optimization will take place. RVO is old feature and most compilers supports it. The last case is so called NRVO (Named RVO). That’s relatively new feature of C++. Standard allows, but doesn’t require implementation of NRVO (as well as RVO), but some compilers supports it.

You could read more about RVO in Item 20 of Scott Meyers book More Effective C++. 35 New Ways to Improve Your Programs and Designs.

Here is a good article about NRVO in Visual C++ 2005.

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