The official standard for providing a telephone number as a URI is here: http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3966.txt
It basically says use tel:
as the prefix, and start the number with +[international dialling code]
before the number itself. You can put non-numeric characters as separators (e.g. -) but they must be ignored. So a London (UK) number might be:
tel:+44-20-8123-4567
A New York (US) number:
tel:+1-212-555-1234