using dispatch_sync in Grand Central Dispatch

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You use it when you want to execute a block and wait for the results.

One example of this is the pattern where you’re using a dispatch queue instead of locks for synchronization. For example, assume you have a shared NSMutableArray a, with access mediated by dispatch queue q. A background thread might be appending to the array (async), while your foreground thread is pulling the first item off (synchronously):

NSMutableArray *a = [[NSMutableArray alloc] init];
// All access to `a` is via this dispatch queue!
dispatch_queue_t q = dispatch_queue_create("com.foo.samplequeue", NULL);

dispatch_async(q, ^{ [a addObject:something]; }); // append to array, non-blocking

__block Something *first = nil;            // "__block" to make results from block available
dispatch_sync(q, ^{                        // note that these 3 statements...
        if ([a count] > 0) {               // ...are all executed together...
             first = [a objectAtIndex:0];  // ...as part of a single block...
             [a removeObjectAtIndex:0];    // ...to ensure consistent results
        }
});

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