I don’t think there is a fully crossplatform way. On unix, the fcntl module will do this for you. However on windows (which I assume you are by the paths), you’ll need to use the win32file module.
Fortunately, there is a portable implementation (portalocker) using the platform appropriate method at the python cookbook.
To use it, open the file, and then call:
portalocker.lock(file, flags)
where flags are portalocker.LOCK_EX for exclusive write access, or LOCK_SH for shared, read access.