What is the concept behind R.java?

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Biggest advantage is in Localization and Providing alternate resources for different screen sizes.

e.g you can have a String resource R.string.myname this could be a defined in english in /values-en/strings.xml and in spanish in /values-es/strings.xml

System will take care or picking up the right file depending on the locale you just need to use @string/myname in your layout file or R.string.myname in your code.

Similarly you could have two layout files for portrait and landscape defined in

res/layout/mylayout.xml
res/layout-land/mylayout.xml

In your code you will just specify R.layout.mylayout to inflate the layout. Resource manager
picks up the file in layout-land if the device is in landscape mode.

Doing this manually would be a nightmare — hence the need for R file

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