There is no “correct” name, but the academic name would be an “Associative Table” (see See the Wikipedia article Associative Entity). Other common names are (in alphabetical order):
- Association table
- Bridge table
- Cross-reference table
- Crosswalk
- Intermediary table
- Intersection table
- Join table
- Junction table
- Link table
- Linking table
- Many-to-many resolver
- Map table
- Mapping table
- Pivot Table
- Pairing table
- Relationship table
- Transition table
Note: This is contents original created by Derek Greer but that was posted as an edit to an accepted answer that totally changed the answer.