If your version of g++
is later than 4.7 I think you can find the default version of C++ standard supported like so:
g++ -dM -E -x c++ /dev/null | grep -F __cplusplus
An example from my machine:
mburr@mint17 ~ $ g++ --version | head -1
g++ (Ubuntu 4.8.4-2ubuntu1~14.04.3) 4.8.4
mburr@mint17 ~ $ g++ -dM -E -x c++ /dev/null | grep -F __cplusplus
#define __cplusplus 199711L
Some references: