I believe it’s the ANSI standard.
EDIT:
Actually, I think it’s the SQL-92 standard.
A later version of the standard appears to optionally allow for 128 character names, but Oracle doesn’t yet support this (or has partial support for it, insofar as it allows 30 characters. Hmmm.)
Search for “F391, Long identifiers” on this page… http://stanford.edu/dept/itss/docs/oracle/10g/server.101/b10759/ap_standard_sql001.htm
(Looking for a ref)