Why does a border increase the element’s width?

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What you have stumbled across is the foundation of the CSS box-model.

You can play with it using the box-sizing property which has two possible values:

  1. content-box (default)
  2. border-box

content-box Default. The width and height properties (and min/max properties) includes only the content. Border, padding, or margin are not included

border-box The width and height properties (and min/max properties) includes content, padding and border, but not the margin

(source: W3Schools.com)

By default, the border will add on to your container width/height.

See what happens when you use border-box:

.test {
  width: 300px;
  height: auto;
  border: 2px solid black;
  box-sizing: border-box;
}
<div class="test">
</div>

This will ensure the width stays the same and includes the box border.

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