Why does List implement IReadOnlyList in .NET 4.5?

Because List<T> implements all of the necessary methods/properties/etc. (and then some) of IReadOnlyList<T>. An interface is a contract that says “I can do at least these things.”

The documentation for IReadOnlyList<T> says it represents a read-only collection of elements.

That’s right. There are no mutator methods in that interface. That’s what read-only means, right? IReadOnlyList<T> is used in the “typical” (contract) way, not as a marker.

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