Why doesn’t xpath work when processing an XHTML document with lxml (in python)?

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The problem is the namespaces. When parsed as XML, the img tag is in the http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml namespace since that is the default namespace for the element. You are asking for the img tag in no namespace.

Try this:

>>> tree.getroot().xpath(
...     "//xhtml:img", 
...     namespaces={'xhtml':'http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml'}
...     )
[<Element {http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml}img at 11a29e0>]

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