eval
evaluates stuff like 5+3
exec
executes stuff like for ...
>>> eval("for x in range(3):print x")
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<stdin>", line 1, in <module>
File "<string>", line 1
for x in range(3):print x
^
SyntaxError: invalid syntax
>>> exec("for x in range(3):print x")
0
1
2
>>> eval('5+3')
8