A set union find algorithm

Once you have built the data structure, exactly what queries do you want to run against it? Show us your existing code. What is a T(x)? You talk about “groups of numbers” but your sample data shows T1, T2, etc; please explain.

Have you read this: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disjoint-set_data_structure

Try looking at this Python implementation: http://code.activestate.com/recipes/215912-union-find-data-structure/

OR you can lash up something rather simple and understandable yourself, e.g.

[Update: totally new code]

class DisjointSet(object):

    def __init__(self):
        self.leader = {} # maps a member to the group's leader
        self.group = {} # maps a group leader to the group (which is a set)

    def add(self, a, b):
        leadera = self.leader.get(a)
        leaderb = self.leader.get(b)
        if leadera is not None:
            if leaderb is not None:
                if leadera == leaderb: return # nothing to do
                groupa = self.group[leadera]
                groupb = self.group[leaderb]
                if len(groupa) < len(groupb):
                    a, leadera, groupa, b, leaderb, groupb = b, leaderb, groupb, a, leadera, groupa
                groupa |= groupb
                del self.group[leaderb]
                for k in groupb:
                    self.leader[k] = leadera
            else:
                self.group[leadera].add(b)
                self.leader[b] = leadera
        else:
            if leaderb is not None:
                self.group[leaderb].add(a)
                self.leader[a] = leaderb
            else:
                self.leader[a] = self.leader[b] = a
                self.group[a] = set([a, b])

data = """T1 T2
T3 T4
T5 T1
T3 T6
T7 T8
T3 T7
T9 TA
T1 T9"""
# data is chosen to demonstrate each of 5 paths in the code
from pprint import pprint as pp
ds = DisjointSet()
for line in data.splitlines():
    x, y = line.split()
    ds.add(x, y)
    print
    print x, y
    pp(ds.leader)
    pp(ds.group)

and here is the output from the last step:

T1 T9
{'T1': 'T1',
 'T2': 'T1',
 'T3': 'T3',
 'T4': 'T3',
 'T5': 'T1',
 'T6': 'T3',
 'T7': 'T3',
 'T8': 'T3',
 'T9': 'T1',
 'TA': 'T1'}
{'T1': set(['T1', 'T2', 'T5', 'T9', 'TA']),
 'T3': set(['T3', 'T4', 'T6', 'T7', 'T8'])}