I don’t really like the type-checking and type-casting solutions provided above, so here’s 100% type-safe union which will throw compilation errors if you attempt to use the wrong datatype:
using System;
namespace Juliet
{
class Program
{
static void Main(string[] args)
{
Union3<int, char, string>[] unions = new Union3<int,char,string>[]
{
new Union3<int, char, string>.Case1(5),
new Union3<int, char, string>.Case2('x'),
new Union3<int, char, string>.Case3("Juliet")
};
foreach (Union3<int, char, string> union in unions)
{
string value = union.Match(
num => num.ToString(),
character => new string(new char[] { character }),
word => word);
Console.WriteLine("Matched union with value '{0}'", value);
}
Console.ReadLine();
}
}
public abstract class Union3<A, B, C>
{
public abstract T Match<T>(Func<A, T> f, Func<B, T> g, Func<C, T> h);
// private ctor ensures no external classes can inherit
private Union3() { }
public sealed class Case1 : Union3<A, B, C>
{
public readonly A Item;
public Case1(A item) : base() { this.Item = item; }
public override T Match<T>(Func<A, T> f, Func<B, T> g, Func<C, T> h)
{
return f(Item);
}
}
public sealed class Case2 : Union3<A, B, C>
{
public readonly B Item;
public Case2(B item) { this.Item = item; }
public override T Match<T>(Func<A, T> f, Func<B, T> g, Func<C, T> h)
{
return g(Item);
}
}
public sealed class Case3 : Union3<A, B, C>
{
public readonly C Item;
public Case3(C item) { this.Item = item; }
public override T Match<T>(Func<A, T> f, Func<B, T> g, Func<C, T> h)
{
return h(Item);
}
}
}
}