Docker for GUI-based environments?

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Currently this question is not answered, but it is very highly ranked on Google. The other answers are mostly correct, but with some caveats that I have learned the hard way, and I would like to save others trouble.

The answer given by Nasser Alshammari is the simplest (and fastest) approach to running GTK applications inside a Docker container – simply mount the socket for the X server as a Docker volume and tell Docker to use that instead.

docker run -v /tmp/.X11-unix:/tmp/.X11-unix -e DISPLAY=unix$DISPLAY TheImage

(I would also recommend passing the -u <username-within-container> flag, as running X11 applications as root does not always work, and is generally not recommended, especially when sharing sessions).

This will work for applications such as xterm, as well as GTK-based applications. For example, if you try this with Firefox (which is GTK-based), it will work (note that if you are already running Firefox on the host, it will open a new window in the host rather than open a new instance of Firefox from within the container).

However, your answer asks about PyQT specifically. It turns out that Qt does not support sharing of X sessions in this way (or at least does not support it well).

If you try running a QT-based application this way, you will probably get an error like the following:

X Error: BadAccess (attempt to access private resource denied) 10
  Extension:    140 (MIT-SHM)
  Minor opcode: 1 (X_ShmAttach)
  Resource id:  0x12d
X Error: BadShmSeg (invalid shared segment parameter) 148
  Extension:    140 (MIT-SHM)
  Minor opcode: 5 (X_ShmCreatePixmap)
  Resource id:  0xb1
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id:  0x2c0000d
X Error: BadDrawable (invalid Pixmap or Window parameter) 9
  Major opcode: 62 (X_CopyArea)
  Resource id:  0x2c0000d

I say “probably” because I have not tested this approach with enough Qt applications to be sure, or dug into the Qt source code enough to figure out why this is not supported. YMMV, and you may get lucky, but if you are looking to run a Qt-based application from within a Docker container, you may have to go the “old-fashioned” approach and either

  1. Run sshd within the container, turn on X11 forwarding, and then connect to the container using ssh -X (more secure) or ssh -Y (less secure, used only if you fully trust the containerized application).

  2. Run VNC within the container, and connect to it from the host with a VNC client.

Between those two options, I would recommend the first, but see which works best for your situation.

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