Flask-SQLAlchemy db.create_all() raises RuntimeError working outside of application context

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As of Flask-SQLAlchemy 3.0, all access to db.engine (and db.session) requires an active Flask application context. db.create_all uses db.engine, so it requires an app context.

with app.app_context():
    db.create_all()

When Flask handles requests or runs CLI commands, a context is automatically pushed. You only need to push one manually outside of those situations, such as while setting up the app.

Instead of calling create_all in your code, you can also call it manually in the shell. Use flask shell to start a Python shell that already has an app context and the db object imported.

$ flask shell
>>> db.create_all()

Or push a context manually if using a plain python shell.

$ python
>>> from project import app, db
>>> app.app_context().push()
>>> db.create_all()

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