Not in ES5, there’s no real functional equivalent to it, as you have to have something which has an amount of 20 to apply map to…
var my20ElementArray = [0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10];
var myArray = my20ElementArray.map(Math.random);
You could create an xrange-like function what is in Python but that would just hide this “unused” variable inside a function.