How can I check the bitness of my OS using Java? (J2SE, not os.arch)

by 
System.getProperty("os.arch");

Should be available on all platforms, see the Java System Properties Tutorial for more information.

But 64 bit Windows platforms will lie to the JVM if it is a 32 bit JVM. Actually 64 bit Windows will lie to any 32 bit process about the environment to help old 32 bit programs work properly on a 64 bit OS. Read the MSDN article about WOW64 for more information.

As a result of WOW64, a 32 bit JVM calling System.getProperty("os.arch") will return “x86”. If you want to get the real architecture of the underlying OS on Windows, use the following logic:

String arch = System.getenv("PROCESSOR_ARCHITECTURE");
String wow64Arch = System.getenv("PROCESSOR_ARCHITEW6432");

String realArch = arch != null && arch.endsWith("64")
                  || wow64Arch != null && wow64Arch.endsWith("64")
                      ? "64" : "32";

See also:

HOWTO: Detect Process Bitness

Why %processor_architecture% always returns x86 instead of AMD64

Detect whether current Windows version is 32 bit or 64 bit

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