How can I get a git submodule’s associated commit ID from a past commit in the parent clone?

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You may use git-ls-tree to see what the SHA-1 id of a given path was during a given commit:

$ git ls-tree released-1.2.3 foo
160000 commit c0f065504bb0e8cfa2b107e975bb9dc5a34b0398  foo

(My first thought was git show released-1.2.3 foo, but that fails with “fatal: bad object”.)

Since you are scripting the output, you will probably want to get just the SHA-1 id by itself, e.g.:

$ git ls-tree released-1.2.3 foo | awk '{print $3}'
c0f065504bb0e8cfa2b107e975bb9dc5a34b0398

Also: When writing scripts around git, try to stick to the plumbing commands, as described in the manual. They have a more stable interface, while the more familiar “porcelain” commands will possibly change in incompatible ways.

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