Here is a solution that will always work, even if there are gaps in the numbers. The folder number will always be 1 greater than the current max number.
@echo off
setlocal enableDelayedExpansion
set "baseName=New_Folder"
set "n=0"
for /f "delims=" %%F in (
'2^>nul dir /b /ad "%baseName%*."^|findstr /xri "%baseName%[0-9]*"'
) do (
set "name=%%F"
set "name=!name:*%baseName%=!"
if !name! gtr !n! set "n=!name!"
)
set /a n+=1
md "%baseName%%n%"